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Late periods are a common experience for many women and can be a cause for concern or questions. This phenomenon occurs when your period does not come at the time it is supposed to according to your usual menstrual cycle. Various factors can be responsible for this, from hormonal changes to underlying medical conditions. This article discusses the various reasons for delayed periods, the associated symptoms and the importance of consulting a gynaecologist for an appropriate diagnosis.
A delayed period is often one of the first signs of pregnancy. When the fertilised egg implants in the uterus, the body begins to produce the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), causing the period to stop.
Emotional and physical stress can affect the function of the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates the hormones responsible for the menstrual cycle. High levels of stress can therefore lead to delays. Situations that increase stress levels include :
To mitigate this potential cause, it is advisable to practise stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga or regular physical activity.
Abrupt changes in body weight can also disrupt the menstrual cycle. Significant weight loss or weight gain alters the balance of hormones needed for ovulation.
The use of certain contraceptives, in particular birth control pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs) or hormone implants, can alter the menstrual cycle. A recent discontinuation of contraceptives can also lead to a temporary delay while your body adjusts its hormones.
Hormonal imbalances due to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders or prolactinomas (prolactin-producing pituitary tumours) can lead to irregular menstrual bleeding. These conditions require special medical attention and are usually diagnosed by a healthcare professional.
Some chronic illnesses such as diabetes and acute infections can also lead to disruption of the menstrual cycle. The body prioritises the fight against the disease and neglects unimportant functions such as reproduction.
Lifestyle habits such as intense or insufficient physical activity, poor diet and excessive alcohol or drug consumption can contribute to delayed periods. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle generally helps to regulate the menstrual cycle.
In addition to the absence of menstruation, various symptoms can accompany a late period, which vary depending on the underlying cause.
In the case of pregnancy, the following symptoms may occur:
These signs often appear in the first few weeks after conception.
In the case of a stress-related delay, peripheral symptoms may include headaches, sleep disturbances and mood swings. Hormonal imbalances may result in unusual weight gain or loss, acne breakouts and excessive hair or body hair growth.
When weight fluctuations are involved, they can denote visible changes in body fat, effects on overall energy and changes in appetite levels.
It is advisable to see a gynaecologist if the late periods lasts longer than three months or if abnormal symptoms accompany the absence of periods.
Diagnosis often involves blood tests to check hormone levels, ultrasound scans to examine the reproductive organs and detailed consultations on medical history and lifestyle.
Late periods: Different treatment suggestions are made for each problem. For example, dietary adjustments and sports programmes can stabilise weight-related cycles, while special medication is used for hormonal disorders.
PlusBaby resources are intended to provide general information and are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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