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Late periods are a common experience for many women and can be a source of concern or questioning. It occurs when menstruation does not occur on the expected date according to your usual menstrual cycle. A number of factors may be responsible, ranging from hormonal changes to underlying medical conditions. This article explores the various reasons why menstruation may be delayed, the associated symptoms and the importance of consulting a gynaecologist for a proper diagnosis.
Late periods are often one of the first signs of pregnancy. When the fertilised egg implants in the uterus, the body begins to produce the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which prevents menstruation.
Emotional and physical stress can affect the functioning of the hypothalamus, the part of the brain that regulates the hormones responsible for the menstrual cycle. High levels of stress can therefore cause delays. Situations that increase stress levels include:
To alleviate this potential cause, it is advisable to practise stress management techniques such as meditation, yoga or regular physical activity.
Abrupt changes in body weight can also disrupt the menstrual cycle. Significant weight loss or gain alters the balance of hormones required for ovulation.
The use of certain contraceptives, particularly contraceptive pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs) or hormonal implants, can alter menstrual cycles. A recent stop in contraception can also cause a temporary delay while your body adjusts its hormones.
Hormonal imbalances due to conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders or prolactinomas (prolactin-producing pituitary tumours) can cause irregular periods. These conditions require specific medical attention and are usually diagnosed by a health professional.
Certain chronic illnesses, such as diabetes, and acute infections can also lead to menstrual cycle disorders. The body prioritises the fight against disease, neglecting non-essential functions such as reproduction.
Lifestyle habits such as intensive or insufficient exercise, poor diet and excessive consumption of alcohol or drugs can contribute to delayed menstruation. Maintaining a balanced lifestyle generally helps to regulate menstrual cycles.
In addition to the absence of menstruation, a number of other symptoms may accompany a delay in menstruation, depending on the underlying cause.
In the event of pregnancy, the following symptoms may be present:
These signs often appear in the first few weeks after conception.
For a delay caused by stress, peripheral symptoms may include headaches, sleep disturbances and mood swings. In the presence of hormonal imbalances, symptoms may include unusual weight gain or loss, acne flare-ups and excessive hair growth.
If weight fluctuations are involved, they may qualify as visible changes in body fat, impacts on overall energy, and variations in appetite levels.
It is advisable to consult a gynaecologist if the delay in menstruation persists for more than three months, or if abnormal symptoms accompany the absence of menstruation.
Diagnosis frequently involves blood tests to check hormone levels, ultrasound scans to examine the reproductive organs, and detailed consultations regarding medical history and lifestyle habits.
For each problem, the proposed treatments vary. For example, dietary adjustments and exercise routines can stabilise cycles disrupted by weight, while specific medications will address hormonal disorders.
PlusBaby resources are intended to provide general information and are not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.
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