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Menstrual cycle

 

 

The menstrual cycle is a series of physiological changes that women go through each month to prepare their bodies for a potential pregnancy. Understanding this cycle not only allows us to better manage the symptoms that accompany it, but also to anticipate certain key periods such as ovulation. In this article, we’ll explore the different phases of the menstrual cycle, headaches, aches and pains and many other aspects to help you get to grips with this biological reality.

The phases of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual phase

The menstrual phase corresponds to menstruation, i.e. the evacuation of the uterine lining when fertilisation has not occurred. This phase generally lasts between three and seven days. On average, it begins around 14 days after ovulation.

The follicular phase

During this phase, hormones stimulate the ovarian follicles to develop. This period begins on the first day of your period and ends when you ovulate. It is also during this phase that the uterus begins to prepare for a possible future pregnancy.

The ovulatory phase

Ovulation marks the release of the egg from one of the ovaries. It generally occurs around the 14th day of the menstrual cycle. During this phase, levels of luteinising hormone (LH) rise sharply.

The luteal phase

After ovulation, the luteal phase begins. Progesterone levels rise to thicken the uterine lining. If the egg is not fertilised, these levels fall, triggering the onset of the next period and the start of a new cycle.

Symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle

Physical symptoms of the menstrual cycle

Hormone fluctuations during the menstrual cycle can cause a variety of physical symptoms:

  • Headaches – Some people experience migraines, often in response to the drop in hormones just before the period.
  • Abdominal pain – Cramps or pain in the lower abdomen are common during the menstrual phase.
  • Bloating – Many women experience water retention, which can cause a feeling of bloating.
  • Breast tenderness – Before and during menstruation, it is common to feel sore or tense breasts.

Emotional symptoms of the menstrual cycle

As well as physical symptoms, many women experience emotional symptoms:

  • Irritability – Hormonal variations can influence stress levels and make women feel more irritable.
  • Sadness – Some women experience temporary depression or sadness, sometimes called premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Signs of ovulation

Ovulation does not always go unnoticed. The following signs may indicate that this crucial phase is approaching:

  • Changes in cervical mucus – It becomes lighter, more elastic and resembles egg white.
  • Mild pelvic pain – Sometimes called “mittelschmerz”, this usually occurs on one side of the abdomen.
  • Subtle rise in basal body temperature – A slight rise in temperature can be a sign that a woman is ovulating.

Managing menstrual cycle symptoms

Medication and treatment

To relieve pain and other symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, several medical options are available:

  • Painkillers – Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen can ease cramps and headaches.
  • Painkillers – Paracetamol can also be used to reduce period-related pain.
  • Hormonal contraceptives – These regulate hormones and can reduce the intensity of physical and emotional symptoms.

Natural remedies

There are a number of natural remedies that can help manage the discomfort associated with the menstrual cycle:

  • Herbal infusions – Certain herbs such as ginger or peppermint have anti-inflammatory properties.
  • Foot warmers – Applying heat to the abdominal area can relax muscles and reduce cramps.
  • Hydration – Drinking enough fluids helps combat bloating and promotes good general body function.

The role of diet and exercise

A balanced diet

A healthy diet can have a significant influence on reducing menstrual cycle symptoms:

  • Inclusion of green vegetables – Rich in magnesium, they can help reduce cramps and irritability.
  • Iron-rich foods – Such as spinach, avocado or lentils, they compensate for the loss of iron during periods.
  • Limit sugar and caffeine – Reducing these elements can reduce energy fluctuations and irritability.

Regular physical exercise

Physical activity offers multiple benefits during the menstrual cycle:

  • Reduced pain – Exercising can release endorphins that act as natural painkillers.
  • Less bloating – Moving around aids digestion and helps to limit water retention.
  • Mental health – Sport improves mood and combats the irritability and sadness associated with PMS.
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